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JSON-RPC 2.0

Industry Definition Set • Entity Resolution Path: /glossary/json-rpc

Quick Answer / TL;DR

A lightweight, stateless remote procedure call (RPC) protocol defined in JSON that utilizes request, response, and notification message frames.

Key Takeaways

  • Stateless protocol designed for low communication overhead.
  • Distinct formats for request-response loops and one-way notification events.
  • Perfect error representation structure with standardized numeric codes.
  • Language-neutral format implemented across all programming stacks.

Technical Context & Protocol Usage

JSON-RPC 2.0 is the transport-agnostic message format chosen for the Model Context Protocol. It defines exact JSON schemas for client requests (containing 'jsonrpc', 'method', 'params', and 'id'), server responses (containing 'jsonrpc', 'result', or 'error', and 'id'), and notification frames (without an 'id' for fire-and-forget events). Because it is simple and highly structured, it can be parsed instantly by models and systems alike.

Format & Payload Metadata

Format: IETF RFC 4627 compliant JSON payload

Latency: Negligible parse/serialize duration (<0.5ms)

Real-World Implementation Use Case

Encoding a tool execution command like 'callTool' with parameters, and parsing the exact output returned by the backend server.

R
Rahul K. Gupta

Lead Systems & Protocol Architect, MCPserver India

Published: 2026-03-24
Updated: 2026-07-09